poet laureate and the 24th individual to hold the title when she was first appointed in September 2022.Ready to Blast off on an epic space adventure? Kennedy Space Center is an exciting destination for space and science enthusiasts of all ages. Reflecting earlier on what the assignment meant, Limon said she wonders at “all of the human eyes and human ears and human hearts that will receive this poem and … it’s the audience that really overwhelms me.”Ī writer of Mexican ancestry, Limon became the first Latina U.S. ![]() The only firm parameters NASA gave her were to relate something about the mission, to make it understandable to readers as young as 9, and to write no more than 200 words.Īt the Library of Congress on that night, Limon said she considers the Europa commission “the greatest honor and privilege of my life.” “That changed everything,” she remembered. Her breakthrough came on a suggestion from her husband, who Limon said encouraged her to “stop writing a NASA poem” and to create “a poem that you would write” instead. Limon, who won the National Book Critics Circle Award for her poetry collection “The Carrying,” recounted great difficulty when she first tried composing the Europa poem at a writers retreat in Hawaii. ![]() “It unites both space and this incredible planet that we live on.” “I wanted to point back to the Earth, and I think the biggest part of the poem is that it unites those two things,” she told Reuters in an interview in the Library of Congress poetry room hours before the piece was unveiled. It concludes: “We, too are made of wonders, of great / and ordinary loves, of small invisible worlds / of a need to call out through the dark.” Limon’s “Poem for Europa” is less a meditation on science - though its first line seems to allude to a rocket launch - as it is an ode to nature and the awe it can inspire in humankind.Įxcept for its title, it does not mention Europa explicitly but refers to its place among Jupiter’s natural satellites, and to the commonality of water that it shares with Earth: “O second moon, we too are made of water, of vast and beckoning seas.” The solar-powered Clipper will have an array of instruments designed to study the vast ocean of water that scientists strongly believe lies beneath Europa’s icy crust, potentially harboring conditions suitable for life.ĭuring its mission, the spacecraft is expected to make nearly 50 fly-bys of Europa, rather than continuously orbit the moon, because doing so would bring it too close for too long to Jupiter’s powerfully harsh radiation belts. Now being assembled at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory near Los Angeles, the spacecraft - larger than any other flown by NASA on an interplanetary mission - should reach Jovian orbit in 2030 after a 2.6 billion-kilometer journey. The entire poem, a free-verse ode consisting of seven three-line stanzas, or tercets, will be engraved in Limon’s handwriting on the exterior of the Europa Clipper, due for launch from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida in October 2024. ![]() Capitol, Limon’s 21-line creation, “In Praise of Mystery: a Poem for Europa,” was unveiled and read aloud to a public audience for the first time, receiving a standing ovation. On the night of June 1, exactly one year later in a ceremony at the library, across the street from the U.S. “Where do you start a poem like that?” she recalled thinking just after receiving the invitation in a call at the Library of Congress, where the 47-year-old poet is serving a two-year second term as the nation’s top bard. Poet Laureate Ada Limon was asked to write a poem for inscription on a NASA spacecraft headed to Jupiter’s icy moon Europa, she felt a rush of excitement at the honor, followed by bewilderment at the seeming enormity of the task. ![]() Poet Laureate Ada Limon reads from her book “The Hurting Kind” in the Poetry Room of the Library of Congress during an interview with Reuters in Washington on June 1.
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![]() He drafted several speeches for King over the years and eventually became the first director of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Harding, a native of Harlem, NYC, received his BA from City College of New York and Masters in Journalism from Columbia University before serving in the US Army (1953-55) and receiving a PhD in History at the University in Chicago in 1965. Who Wrote the Speech?īeyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence was actually a collaborative work largely written by a close associate and friend of Martin Luther King, Jr. King, a gifted speaker who normally wouldn’t read from text, did read out Beyond Vietnam because he planned to submit it to publications and did not want to be misquoted. Martin Luther King had spoken critically about the Vietnam War before, but it was his blistering Beyond Vietnam speech at an event sponsored by “Clergy and Laymen Concerned about Vietnam” that gained wide attention. ![]() The actual speech begins at 1:41 in the recording. Hear the entire recording of Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence speech, including introductory applause and a greeting King makes to his fellow clergy speakers. Read on for background on the historic speech, highlights and the speech in in its entirety. The legacy of his speech is reflected in The Vietnam War, an 18-hour series by Ken Burns and Lynn Novick (streaming to PBS station members). Exactly a year later, King was assassinated. The speech is considered a turning point in the public opinion’s of the Vietnam War. government and the war became known as “The Riverside Church Speech” and it was criticized by media from The New York Times to the Washington Post, and by groups such as the NAACP, which objected to the Civil Rights Movement weighing in on the war and joining anti-war protests. foreign affairs in view of the sorry domestic state of equality in America. King used his famous oration skills to point out the hypocrisy of U.S. After more than a decade in the public eye fighting racism and inequality in America, King plunged himself into another searing, divisive issue in America with his speech, Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence, given at Riverside Church in New York City on April 4, 1967. gave a speech that startled even many of his supporters in the Civil Rights Movement. Steampunk games that were originally designed for computers now have console-friendly versions and vice-versa, which includes bringing console or computer games to handheld devices and brand crossovers, giving anyone who likes the genre an array of choices.Martin Luther King, Jr., giving his speech Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence at Riverside Church in NYC, April 4, 1967.įifty years ago in 1967, Martin Luther King, Jr. ![]() It's not difficult to find great steampunk games, and with the remakes and updates of older titles, classics are also becoming more popular and widely available. Updated on May 2, 2023, by Kristy Ambrose: The big gears, steam-powered machines, hot-air balloons, and primitive electric gizmos of steampunk make awesome game visuals. Related: Forgotten Steampunk Sci-Fi Games You Should Revisit While there's not a long list to draw from compared to sci-fi novels, films, or anime, there are plenty of examples of great steampunk games. 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Finished results: we were looking for fine and even results whatever we chopped.Loudness: quiet mini choppers are preferred.Small, compact designs are what we wanted to see, not something that could be mistaken for a food processor Kitchen footprint and storage: mini by name, mini by nature.Safety: the blades should not spin if the lid is not secured.Speed of processing: the blades shouldn’t spin too quickly or too slowly.Ease of use: we wanted to see mini choppers that were easy to assemble, with an unfussy control panel.We tested the mini choppers against the following criteria: We also made BBC Good Food’s Thai green curry paste, not only to check that the blades could cut through fibrous ingredients, but to also ensure the bowl could house the quantity of ingredients required. For consistency, the onion was pre-chopped into 2cm pieces, which tends to be the standard requirement for mini choppers. We tested a range of mini choppers, using each one to blitz bread to breadcrumbs, as well as onions and parsley. Mini choppers typically come in one of two key designs either a smaller version of a food processor, with a button-controlled base, or a small device with a large bowl on the bottom and a pushable button on top. ![]() How to choose the best mini chopper What is a mini chopper?Īlthough some models look similar, a mini chopper should not be confused with a food processor. Best manual mini chopper: Tefal Jamie Oliver Chop & Shaker, £21.49.Best portable mini chopper: KitchenAid Cordless Electric Chopper, £91.94.Best mini chopper for food processing tasks: Cuisinart Mini Prep Pro, £52.14.Best budget mini chopper: Lakeland Mini Chopper Plus, £29.99.Best mini chopper for large families or batch cooking: Homgeek Food Chopper, £29.99.Best mini chopper for ease of use: Kenwood Mini Chopper CH180A, £30.55.Best mini chopper for small spaces: Salter EK2182 Mini Chopper Pro, £19.99.Best mini chopper for sauces, dips and curry pastes: Bosch Mini Chopper MMR08, £29.99.Most versatile mini chopper: Russell Hobbs 24662 Desire Matte Black Mini Chopper, £35.99.Best mini chopper to leave on the counter: Magimix 18115 Le Micro Mini Chopper, £65.Best cordless mini chopper: Cuisinart Cordless Mini Prep Pro, £72.Best mini chopper: KitchenAid Mini Chopper 5KFC3516, £54.95. ![]() i m using many lip balms and lip butters but it worked on my lips alot and i really like it. 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It's on the sweet side with a little bit of nut aroma. This body body has a nice classy scent to it. As u can see its a golden plastic bottle or jar it has a pale yellow or skin color cream in it. Those designers that work as independent contractors typically provide consulting and development services to other businesses. There are some designers that are self-employed and generally work in a freelance capacity, and then there are those that are employed by large gaming or media companies (we’ll get to that in a minute). When it comes to a day in the life of a video game designer, there is no one-size-fits-all scenario. Because production schedules can be very tight, video game designers are often noted for their ability to work long hours and make sure the studio’s deadline and budget are met. Character development, game mapping, gameplay, and user interface are just a few more examples of what a video game designer may be doing on a day-to-day basis while on the job.Īs a video game designer’s career evolves, many will take on more responsibility and have more input into the actual design process, moving from a bit player who simply executes directives to one of those that dreams up a game’s central idea and gameplay mechanics. Some may be involved in plot or narrative creation, while others are responsible for 3D modeling to make in-game features appear smooth and realistic. For top-shelf titles, large teams are assembled that can contain up to 300 designers and a budget that usually numbers in the millions or tens of millions of dollars.ĭuring a production schedule, each video game designer is assigned a specific job. While there are video games that are designed by a single person, the most common method for creating a modern game is more akin to a Hollywood movie production than writing a novel single-handedly. The job of a video game designer can be quite different depending on their specific role. Design major game mechanics, working with programmers to analyze the feasibility of ideas.Design user interfaces alongside programmers to create easily navigable controls.Revise designs as necessary based on leader, tester, or focus group feedback.Conduct thorough testing of game code to ensure designs are appropriately translated.Design scenes, characters, weapons, and movements for indie and major video games.Yes, you'll probably have to work at your company's booth, and perhaps sit on a panel or two, but what a way to spend your workday.The following job responsibilities are common for individuals in video game designer roles: You might get a company-paid trip to a video game or electronics convention, such as the gargantuan E3 electronics confab. You might also receive conventional benefits such as savings plans, health club discounts, and other company-specific offerings. Mostly, you'll see your company's products, but you might happen upon another manufacturer's beta version from time to time. First, you get to see new games before the makers release them to the general public. Of course, we can't forget the bennies and perks. Finally, a video game design or related degree will also increase your value to employers. Working on a crazy successful game's design team will provide you with beaucoup de brownie points. Your previous design experience, especially your proven ability to deliver quality results on time, will definitely stack the deck in your favor. Also, a large, established business is likely to pay you more than a brand-new start-up firm. You'll make more in a big city than in a small town or rural area, simply because your metro area living costs will be higher. ![]() As a creative director, which could mean you have a corner office rather than a crowded cubicle, you'll rake in around $75,000 to over a hundred grand per year.īefore you start jumping up and down with glee, remember your final salary figure will be affected by several factors. If you make it to the vaunted lead designer ranks, your annual salary jumps to $60,000 to $70,000 ( source). Now we'll get to some specifics.įirst, let's start with a junior designer position, where you'll probably earn between $40,000 and $50,000 annually. Let's start with some good news that applies to experienced designers and wet-behind-the-ears college graduates alike: The video game industry pays its designers very well. 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![]() The Department will begin the regulatory drafting process and stakeholder involvement in June 2023. The Maryland Department of Labor is required to issue regulations implementing the program by January 1, 2024. Under the program, eligible employees will be entitled to receive up to 12 weeks of paid family and medical leave per benefit year. This legislation made significant changes to the program. During the 2023 legislative session, the General Assembly passed the modifications bill (SB828/HB988), which the Governor signed into law on May 3, 2023. In 2022, the Maryland General Assembly passed the Family and Medical Leave Insurance Program (FAMLI), otherwise known as the Time to Care Act, which made Maryland the 11th state, including Washington, D.C., to adopt a statewide family and medical leave program. Policy Primer: Maryland’s Family and Medical Leave Insurance Program This data-driven snapshot of Maryland’s economic health compares the state to the rest of the nation in a variety of key indicators, including population change, employment growth, opening and closing rates of establishments, wages, taxation and economic, fiscal and regulatory freedom.Įxplore the 2023 Maryland Competitiveness Redbook Explore the 2023 Maryland Competitiveness Redbook, which provides data comparing Maryland to the rest of the nation in key indicators including population change, employment growth, wages, taxation and more. ![]() Given adequate process data, you can determine the factor most appropriate for your process. Because short-term data does not contain this special cause variation, it will typically be of a higher process capability than the long-term data. Long-term data, on the other hand, contains common cause variation and special (or assignable) cause variation. These are considered to be short-term values because the data only contains common cause variation - DMAIC projects and the associated collection of process data occur over a period of months, rather than years. This variation typically falls between 1.4 and 1.6.Īfter a process has been improved using the Six Sigma DMAIC methodology, we calculate the process standard deviation and sigma value. ![]() Where does this 1.5 sigma difference come from? Motorola has determined, through years of process and data collection, that processes vary and drift over time – what they call the Long-Term Dynamic Mean Variation. Using this table you’ll find that 6 sigma actually translates to about 2 defects per billion opportunities, and 3.4 defects per million opportunities, which we normally define as 6 sigma, really corresponds to a sigma value of 4.5. In it is one of the only tables showing the standard normal distribution table out to a z value of 6. In 1992, Motorola published a book (see chapter 6) entitled Six Sigma Producibility Analysis and Process Characterization, written by Mikel J. ![]() Most of these tables, however, end at a z value of about 3. ![]() If you did not go to class (or you forgot!), the table of the standard normal distribution is used in calculating the process sigma. Every Green, Black and Master Black Belt learns the calculation process in class. I am not going to bore you with the hard core statistics. From an earlier poll, greater than 50 percent of polled quality professionals indicated that they are not aware of why a process may shift 1.5 sigma. One of the caveats written in fine print refers to the calculator using a default process shift of 1.5 sigma. In other words, although statistical tables indicate that 3.4 defects / million is achieved when 4.5 process standard deviations (Sigma) are between the mean and the closest specification limit, the target is raised to 6.0 standard deviations to accommodate adverse process shifts over time and still produce only 3.4 defects per million opportunities.ISixSigma released a process sigma calculator which allows the operator to input process opportunities and defects and easily calculate the process sigma to determine how close (or far) a process is from 6 sigma. * The table assumes a 1.5 sigma shift because processes tend to exhibit instability of that magnitude over time. The other side of the process distribution, which may have a tail beyond the farther specification, is ignored by the Cpk calculation. Note: the conversion of Sigma Level to Cpk is only an approximation because Cpk is based only upon the specification limit closest to the process mean. The 1.5 sigma shift may or may not be an accurate estimate of the actual long-term instability of your process. In essence, the 1.5 sigma shift indicates that if you intend to have 3 DPMO over the long term, the process must be more capable than the 4.5 sigma (Cpk) indicated by a normal curve in order to accommodate instability or process shifts that occur over time. By convention established at Motorola, where the Six Sigma program originated, the Sigma level is adjusted by 1.5 sigma to recognize the tendency of processes to shift over the long term. The following table lists Defects Per Million Opportunities with the corresponding Sigma Level.Īlso shown is a direct conversion to a Cpk level based on the area under a Normal Curve.
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